SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Community Change</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Community Change</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Community Change</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1968</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Nonprofit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Washington, D.C.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Dorian Warren</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">$26.3 million (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://communitychange.org">communitychange<wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Community Change</b>, formerly the <b>Center for Community Change</b> (<b>CCC</b>), is a <a href="Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a> <a href="Community_organizing" title="Community organizing">community organizing</a> group active in the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded in 1968 in response to civil rights concerns of the 1960s and to honor <a href="Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-poverty2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poverty2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization's stated mission is "To build the power and capacity of low-income people, especially low-income people of color, to change the policies and institutions that impact their lives."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2></div>

<p>Community Change generally works in low-income areas, especially within communities of color, and attempts to create resident-based groups to work on local issues of concern. The organization sponsors internships and training programs in several areas, including <a href="Community_organizing" title="Community organizing">community organizing</a>, <a href="Service_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Service learning">service learning</a>, <a href="Union_organizing" class="mw-redirect" title="Union organizing">union organizing</a>, electoral engagement, and youth/student organizing.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization provides resources for grassroots groups including campaign strategy, funding and social media strategy. In 2004, through the collaboration with immigrant groups, Community Change organized the Fair Immigration Reform Movement that "empowered immigrants to speak out".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Community Change has helped to create government programs like the <a href="Community_Reinvestment_Act" title="Community Reinvestment Act">Community Reinvestment Act</a> and the <a href="Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program" title="Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program">food stamps program</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-poverty22_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poverty22-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Center for Community Change launched the <a href="Fair_Immigration_Reform_Movement" title="Fair Immigration Reform Movement">Fair Immigration Reform Movement</a> (FIRM), an immigration reform movement working for comprehensive immigration reform. FIRM received funding from the <a href="Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">Open Society Foundations</a> and the <a href="Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2></div>

<p>Community Change has received funding from a range of progressive organizations including the <a href="Alliance_for_Early_Success" title="Alliance for Early Success">Alliance for Early Success</a>, <a href="Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a>, <a href="Carnegie_Corporation_of_New_York" title="Carnegie Corporation of New York">Carnegie Corporation of New York</a>, <a href="Center_on_Budget_and_Policy_Priorities" title="Center on Budget and Policy Priorities">Center on Budget and Policy Priorities</a>, <a href="Democracy_Alliance" title="Democracy Alliance">Democracy Alliance</a>, <a href="Priorities_USA_Action" title="Priorities USA Action">Every Citizen Counts</a>, <a href="Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a>, <a href="MoveOn" title="MoveOn">MoveOn</a>, <a href="New_America_(organization)" title="New America (organization)">New America (organization)</a>, <a href="Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a>, the <a href="Tides_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tides (organization)">Tides Advocacy Fund</a>, and <a href="The_Voter_Participation_Center" title="The Voter Participation Center">The Voter Participation Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Stephanie_Land" title="Stephanie Land">Stephanie Land</a>, a writing fellow for Community Change</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/520888113">"Center For Community Change - Nonprofit Explorer"</a>. <i>ProPublica</i>. 9 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDreier2013" class="citation news cs1">Dreier, Peter (October 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://billmoyers.com/content/deepak-bhargava/">"Activists to Watch: Deepak Bhargava"</a>. Moyers & Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEpstein_Korten2009" class="citation book cs1">Epstein Korten, Alice (2009). <i>Change Philanthropy: Candid Stories of Foundations Maximizing Results through Social Justice</i>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 277. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780470522110</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-poverty2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-poverty2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOdekon2006" class="citation book cs1">Odekon, Mehmet (2006). <i>Encyclopedia of World Poverty, Volume 1</i>. SAGE Publications. p. 134. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781452265186</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.communitychange.org/who-we-are/mission-vision-values/">"Mission"</a>. Center for Community Change<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRimer2009" class="citation news cs1">Rimer, Sara (April 10, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/12/fashion/12organizer.html?_r=2">"Community Organizing Never Looked So Good"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStolz2011" class="citation journal cs1">Stolz, Rich (2011). "Lessons For The Future Of Immigration Reform". <i>Social Policy</i>. <b>41</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">4–</span>19 – via Education Source.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-poverty22-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-poverty22_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOdekon2006" class="citation book cs1">Odekon, Mehmet (2006). <i>Encyclopedia of World Poverty, Volume 1</i>. SAGE Publications. p. 134. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781452265186</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012159/https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/about/programs/us-programs/grantees/center-community-change-fair-immigration-reform-movement">"Center for Community Change / Fair Immigration Reform Movement"</a>. Open Society Foundations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/about/programs/us-programs/grantees/center-community-change-fair-immigration-reform-movement">the original</a> on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910084420/http://www.fordfoundation.org/grants/grantdetails?grantid=121322">"Center for Community Change"</a>. <a href="Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordfoundation.org/grants/grantdetails?grantid=121322">the original</a> on 2015-09-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBlumenthal2015" class="citation news cs1">Blumenthal, Paul (January 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/29/gop-dark-money_n_6566244.html">"Groups With Liberal Ties Tapped To Re-Elect The GOP Establishment"</a>. Huffington Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGrim2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Ryan_Grim" title="Ryan Grim">Grim, Ryan</a> (February 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/28/democracy-alliance-dumps-_n_1306867.html">"Democracy Alliance Dumps Progressive Organizations"</a>. Huffington Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWarrenPraeli" class="citation web cs1">Warren, Dorian; Praeli, Lorella. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://communitychange.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CC_AnnualReport_Final_WebSingle-1.pdf">"Rising With Resilience"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Community Change</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220716174234/https://communitychange.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CC_AnnualReport_Final_WebSingle-1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWarrenPraeli" class="citation web cs1">Warren, Dorian; Praeli, Lorella. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://communitychange.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CC-2019-Annual-Report-digital-090920.pdf">"The Power Within Us: 2019 Annual Report of Community Change and Community Change Action"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Community Change</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220716222402/https://communitychange.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CC-2019-Annual-Report-digital-090920.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://communitychange.org/">Community Change website</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fairimmigration.org/">FIRM website</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_the_United_States_and_related_topics751" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Immigration_to_the_United_States_and_related_topics751" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration to the United States</a> and related topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Relevant colonial era,<br>United States and<br>international laws</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nationality_law_in_the_American_Colonies" title="Nationality law in the American Colonies">Nationality law in the American Colonies</a></li>

<li><a href="Plantation_Act_1740" title="Plantation Act 1740">Plantation Act of 1740</a></li>

<li><a href="Naturalization_Act_of_1790" title="Naturalization Act of 1790">Naturalization Act of 1790</a> / <a href="Naturalization_Act_of_1795" title="Naturalization Act of 1795">1795</a> / <a href="Naturalization_Act_of_1798" title="Naturalization Act of 1798">1798</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Naturalization_Law_of_1802" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalization Law of 1802">Naturalization Act of 1802</a></li>

<li><a href="An_Act_to_Encourage_Immigration" title="An Act to Encourage Immigration">Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)</a></li>

<li><a href="Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866" title="Civil Rights Act of 1866">Civil Rights Act of 1866</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment (1868)</a></li>

<li><a href="Naturalization_Act_of_1870" title="Naturalization Act of 1870">Naturalization Act of 1870</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_Act_of_1882" title="Immigration Act of 1882">Immigration Act of 1882</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Exclusion_Act_of_1882" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882">Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882</a></li>

<li><a href="Scott_Act_of_1888" title="Scott Act of 1888">Scott Act of 1888</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_Act_of_1891" title="Immigration Act of 1891">Immigration Act of 1891</a></li>

<li><a href="Geary_Act_of_1892" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary Act of 1892">Geary Act of 1892</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Immigration_Act_of_1903" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration Act of 1903">Immigration Act of 1903</a></li>

<li><a href="Naturalization_Act_of_1906" title="Naturalization Act of 1906">Naturalization Act of 1906</a></li>

<li><a href="Gentlemen's_Agreement_of_1907" title="Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907">Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_Act_of_1907" title="Immigration Act of 1907">Immigration Act of 1907</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_Act_of_1917" title="Immigration Act of 1917">Immigration Act of 1917</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_Act_of_1918" title="Immigration Act of 1918">Immigration Act of 1918</a></li>

<li><a href="Emergency_Quota_Act_of_1921" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Quota Act of 1921">Emergency Quota Act of 1921</a></li>

<li><a href="Cable_Act_of_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="Cable Act of 1922">Cable Act of 1922</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act of 1924</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_Citizenship_Act_of_1924" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Citizenship Act of 1924">Indian Citizenship Act of 1924</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippine_Independence_Act_of_1934" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Independence Act of 1934">Philippine Independence Act of 1934</a></li>

<li><a href="Filipino_Repatriation_Act_of_1935" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino Repatriation Act of 1935">Filipino Repatriation Act of 1935</a></li>

<li><a href="Nationality_Act_of_1940" title="Nationality Act of 1940">Nationality Act of 1940</a></li>

<li><a href="Bracero_Program" title="Bracero Program">Bracero Program (1942–1964)</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Exclusion_Repeal_Act_of_1943" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943">Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943</a></li>

<li><a href="War_Brides_Act_of_1945" class="mw-redirect" title="War Brides Act of 1945">War Brides Act of 1945</a></li>

<li><a href="Alien_Fianc%C3%A9es_and_Fianc%C3%A9s_Act_of_1946" title="Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act of 1946">Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act of 1946</a></li>

<li><a href="Luce%E2%80%93Celler_Act_of_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Luce–Celler Act of 1946">Luce–Celler Act of 1946</a></li>

<li><a href="Convention_relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention relating to the Status of Refugees">UN Refugee Convention (1951)</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952">Immigration and Nationality Act 1952</a> / <a href="Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">1965</a></li>

<li><a href="Refugee_Act_of_1980" title="Refugee Act of 1980">Refugee Act of 1980</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986" title="Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986">Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986</a></li>

<li><a href="Family_Fairness" title="Family Fairness">Family Fairness (1987)</a></li>

<li><a href="Amerasian_Homecoming_Act_of_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerasian Homecoming Act of 1987">Amerasian Homecoming Act of 1987</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_Act_of_1990" title="Immigration Act of 1990">Immigration Act of 1990</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_and_Nationality_Technical_Corrections_Act_of_1994" title="Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994">Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994</a></li>

<li><a href="Antiterrorism_and_Effective_Death_Penalty_Act_of_1996" title="Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996</a></li>

<li><a href="Illegal_Immigration_Reform_and_Immigrant_Responsibility_Act_of_1996" title="Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996</a></li>

<li><a href="Nicaraguan_Adjustment_and_Central_American_Relief_Act_of_1997" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act of 1997">Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act of 1997</a></li>

<li><a href="American_Competitiveness_and_Workforce_Improvement_Act_of_1998" title="American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act of 1998">American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act of 1998</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_Competitiveness_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act">American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act of 2000</a></li>

<li><a href="Victims_of_Trafficking_and_Violence_Protection_Act_of_2000" title="Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000">Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000</a></li>

<li><a href="Child_Citizenship_Act_of_2000" title="Child Citizenship Act of 2000">Child Citizenship Act of 2000</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_Immigration_Family_Equity_Act_of_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal Immigration Family Equity Act of 2000">Legal Immigration Family Equity Act of 2000</a></li>

<li><a href="Homeland_Security_Act_of_2002" title="Homeland Security Act of 2002">Homeland Security Act of 2002</a></li>

<li><a href="H-1B_Visa_Reform_Act_of_2004" title="H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004">H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Marriage_Broker_Regulation_Act" title="International Marriage Broker Regulation Act">International Marriage Broker Regulation Act of 2005</a></li>

<li><a href="Secure_Fence_Act_of_2006" title="Secure Fence Act of 2006">Secure Fence Act of 2006</a></li>

<li><a href="Emergency_Afghan_Allies_Extension_Act_of_2014" title="Emergency Afghan Allies Extension Act of 2014">Emergency Afghan Allies Extension Act of 2014</a></li>

<li><a href="Laken_Riley_Act" title="Laken Riley Act">Laken Riley Act of 2025</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visas and policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Visa_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Visa policy of the United States">Visa policy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Green_card" title="Green card">Permanent residence (Green card)</a></li>

<li><a href="Visa_Waiver_Program" title="Visa Waiver Program">Visa Waiver Program</a></li>

<li><a href="Temporary_protected_status" title="Temporary protected status">Temporary protected status (TPS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">Asylum</a></li>

<li><a href="Diversity_Immigrant_Visa" title="Diversity Immigrant Visa">Green Card Lottery</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_American_Minors_Program" title="Central American Minors Program">Central American Minors</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Employment_authorization_document" title="Employment authorization document">Employment authorization document (EAD card)</a></li>

<li><a href="Deferred_action" title="Deferred action">Deferred action</a></li>

<li><a href="Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Deferred_Action_for_Parents_of_Americans" title="Deferred Action for Parents of Americans">Deferred Action for Parents of Americans (DAPA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Parole_(United_States_immigration)" title="Parole (United States immigration)">Parole</a></li>

<li><a href="Keeping_Families_Together_(United_States_immigration_policy)" title="Keeping Families Together (United States immigration policy)">Keeping Families Together (KFT)</a></li>

<li><a href="Adjustment_of_status" title="Adjustment of status">Adjustment of status</a></li>

<li><a href="US-VISIT" class="mw-redirect" title="US-VISIT">US-VISIT</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_Advisory_Opinion" title="Security Advisory Opinion">Security Advisory Opinion</a></li>

<li><a href="E-Verify" title="E-Verify">E-Verify</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Origins_Formula" title="National Origins Formula">National Origins Formula</a></li>

<li><a href="Expedited_removal" title="Expedited removal">Expedited removal</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_detention_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration detention in the United States">Detention</a>

<ul><li><a href="Family_immigration_detention_in_the_United_States" title="Family immigration detention in the United States">Family</a></li>

<li><a href="Unaccompanied_Alien_Children" title="Unaccompanied Alien Children">Unaccompanied children</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Trump administration family separation policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">Trump travel ban</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Government<br>organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a></li>

<li><a href="U.S._Border_Patrol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Border Patrol">U.S. Border Patrol</a> (<a href="BORTAC" title="BORTAC">BORTAC</a>)</li>

<li><a href="U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="United States Immigration and Naturalization Service">Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Executive_Office_for_Immigration_Review" title="Executive Office for Immigration Review">Executive Office for Immigration Review</a></li>

<li><a href="Board_of_Immigration_Appeals" title="Board of Immigration Appeals">Board of Immigration Appeals</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_of_Refugee_Resettlement" title="Office of Refugee Resettlement">Office of Refugee Resettlement</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supreme Court cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Nishimura_Ekiu_v._United_States" title="Nishimura Ekiu v. United States"><i>Nishimura Ekiu v. U.S.</i></a> (1892)</li>

<li><a href="Ozawa_v._United_States" title="Ozawa v. United States"><i>Ozawa v. U.S.</i></a> (1922)</li>

<li><a href="United_States_v._Bhagat_Singh_Thind" title="United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind"><i>U.S. v. Bhagat Singh Thind</i></a> (1923)</li>

<li><a href="United_States_ex_rel._Knauff_v._Shaughnessy" title="United States ex rel. Knauff v. Shaughnessy"><i>Knauff v. Shaughnessy</i></a> (1950)</li>

<li><i><a href="Harisiades_v._Shaughnessy" title="Harisiades v. Shaughnessy">Harisiades v. Shaughnessy</a></i> (1952)</li>

<li><a href="Shaughnessy_v._United_States_ex_rel._Mezei" title="Shaughnessy v. United States ex rel. Mezei"><i>Shaughnessy v. Mezei</i></a> (1953)</li>

<li><i><a href="Kleindienst_v._Mandel" title="Kleindienst v. Mandel">Kleindienst v. Mandel</a></i> (1972)</li>

<li><i><a href="United_States_v._Brignoni-Ponce" title="United States v. Brignoni-Ponce">U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce</a></i> (1975)</li>

<li><i><a href="Zadvydas_v._Davis" title="Zadvydas v. Davis">Zadvydas v. Davis</a></i> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Chamber_of_Commerce_v._Whiting" title="Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting"><i>Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting</i></a> (2011)</li>

<li><i><a href="Trump_v._Hawaii" title="Trump v. Hawaii">Trump v. Hawaii</a></i> (2018)</li>

<li><a href="Department_of_Homeland_Security_v._Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California"><i>D.H.S. v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.</i></a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="Department_of_Homeland_Security_v._Thuraissigiam" title="Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam"><i>D.H.S. v. Thuraissigiam</i></a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="Department_of_State_v._Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Department of State v. Muñoz"><i>Department of State v. Muñoz</i></a> (2024)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related issues<br>and events</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="2006_United_States_immigration_reform_protests" title="2006 United States immigration reform protests">2006 protests</a></li>

<li><a href="Brooks_County%2C_Texas" title="Brooks County, Texas">Brooks County, Texas</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_American_migrant_caravans" title="Central American migrant caravans">Central American migrant caravans</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of illegal immigration to the United States">Economic impact</a></li>

<li><a href="Effects_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Effects of immigration to the United States">Effects</a></li>

<li><a href="Eugenics_in_the_United_States" title="Eugenics in the United States">Eugenics in the United States</a></li>

<li><a href="Guest_worker_program" title="Guest worker program">Guest worker program</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_trafficking_in_the_United_States" title="Human trafficking in the United States">Human trafficking</a></li>

<li><a href="People_smuggling" title="People smuggling">Human smuggling</a>

<ul><li><a href="Coyotaje" class="mw-redirect" title="Coyotaje">Coyotaje</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_reform" title="Immigration reform">Immigration reform</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_people_deported_or_removed_from_the_United_States" title="List of people deported or removed from the United States">List of people deported from the United States</a></li>

<li><a href="Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Mexico–United States border crisis</a></li>

<li><a href="Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall" title="Mexico–United States border wall">Mexico–United States border wall</a></li>

<li><a href="Shortage#add_Labor_shortage" title="Shortage">Labor shortage</a></li>

<li><a href="March_for_America" title="March for America">March for America</a></li>

<li><a href="Undocumented_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States" title="Undocumented immigrant population of the United States">Undocumented immigrant population</a></li>

<li><a href="Reverse_immigration_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse immigration in the United States">Reverse immigration</a></li>

<li><a href="2014_American_immigration_crisis" title="2014 American immigration crisis">Unaccompanied minors from Central America</a></li>

<li><a href="Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration to the United States</a></li>

<li><a href="Detention_and_deportation_of_American_citizens_in_the_second_Trump_administration" title="Detention and deportation of American citizens in the second Trump administration">Detention and deportation of American citizens in the second Trump administration</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a></li>

<li><a href="Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–United States border</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_Border_Patrol_interior_checkpoints" title="United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints">United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DREAM_Act" title="DREAM Act">DREAM Act (2001–2010)</a></li>

<li><a href="Secure_America_and_Orderly_Immigration_Act" title="Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act">McCain–Kennedy (2005)</a></li>

<li><a href="Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2006" title="Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006">Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_Through_Regularized_Immigration_and_a_Vibrant_Economy_Act_of_2007" title="Security Through Regularized Immigration and a Vibrant Economy Act of 2007">STRIVE Act (2007)</a></li>

<li><a href="Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2007" title="Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007">Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007</a></li>

<li><a href="Uniting_American_Families_Act" title="Uniting American Families Act">Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)</a></li>

<li><a href="Border_Security%2C_Economic_Opportunity%2C_and_Immigration_Modernization_Act_of_2013" title="Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013">Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013</a></li>

<li><a href="RAISE_Act" title="RAISE Act">RAISE Act (2017)</a></li>

<li><a href="U.S._Citizenship_Act_of_2021" title="U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021">U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigration stations<br>and points of entry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Angel_Island_Immigration_Station" title="Angel Island Immigration Station">Angel Island</a></li>

<li><a href="Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Garden</a></li>

<li><a href="East_Boston_Immigration_Station" title="East Boston Immigration Station">East Boston</a></li>

<li><a href="Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a></li>

<li><a href="San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro</a></li>

<li><a href="Sullivan's_Island%2C_South_Carolina" title="Sullivan's Island, South Carolina">Sullivan's Island</a></li>

<li><a href="Washington_Avenue_Immigration_Station" title="Washington Avenue Immigration Station">Washington Avenue</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Wetback" title="Operation Wetback">"Wetback" (1954)</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Peter_Pan" title="Operation Peter Pan">"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Babylift" title="Operation Babylift">"Babylift" (1975)</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Gatekeeper" title="Operation Gatekeeper">"Gatekeeper" (1994)</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Endgame" title="Operation Endgame">"Endgame" (2003–2012)</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Front_Line" title="Operation Front Line">"Front Line" (2004–2005)</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Streamline" title="Operation Streamline">"Streamline" (2005–present)</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Return_to_Sender" title="Operation Return to Sender">"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Jump_Start" title="Operation Jump Start">"Jump Start" (2006–2008)</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Phalanx_(2010-2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Phalanx (2010-2016)">"Phalanx" (2010–2016)</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="California_DREAM_Act" title="California DREAM Act">California DREAM Act (2006–2010)</a></li>

<li><a href="Arizona_SB_1070" title="Arizona SB 1070">Arizona SB 1070 (2010)</a></li>

<li><a href="Alabama_HB_56" title="Alabama HB 56">Alabama HB 56 (2011)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Non-governmental<br>organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arizona_Border_Recon" title="Arizona Border Recon">Arizona Border Recon</a></li>

<li><a href="California_Coalition_for_Immigration_Reform" title="California Coalition for Immigration Reform">California Coalition for Immigration Reform</a></li>

<li><a href="CASA_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="CASA of Maryland">CASA of Maryland</a></li>

<li><a href="Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">Center for Immigration Studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Center_for_Migration_Studies_of_New_York" title="Center for Migration Studies of New York">Center for Migration Studies of New York</a></li>

<li><a href="Coalition_for_Humane_Immigrant_Rights_of_Los_Angeles" title="Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles">Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles</a></li>

<li><a href="Coalition_for_Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform" title="Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform">Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform</a></li>

<li><a href="Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">Federation for American Immigration Reform</a></li>

<li><a href="Improve_The_Dream" title="Improve The Dream">Improve The Dream</a></li>

<li><a href="Mexica_Movement" title="Mexica Movement">Mexica Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Mexicans_Without_Borders" title="Mexicans Without Borders">Mexicans Without Borders</a></li>

<li><a href="Migration_Policy_Institute" title="Migration Policy Institute">Migration Policy Institute</a></li>

<li><a href="Minuteman_Civil_Defense_Corps" title="Minuteman Civil Defense Corps">Minuteman Civil Defense Corps</a></li>

<li><a href="Minuteman_Project" title="Minuteman Project">Minuteman Project</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Immigration_Forum" title="National Immigration Forum">National Immigration Forum</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Korean_American_Service_%26_Education_Consortium" title="National Korean American Service & Education Consortium">National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Negative_Population_Growth" title="Negative Population Growth">Negative Population Growth</a></li>

<li><a href="No_More_Deaths" title="No More Deaths">No More Deaths</a></li>

<li><a href="NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li>

<li><a href="Save_Our_State" title="Save Our State">Save Our State</a></li>

<li><a href="Utah_Compact" title="Utah Compact">Utah Compact</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Borderland_(TV_series)" title="Borderland (TV series)">Borderland (TV series)</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Missing_in_Brooks_County" title="Missing in Brooks County">Missing in Brooks County</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Center_for_Community_Change58" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Center_for_Community_Change58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Center_for_Community_Change" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Community Change">Center for Community Change</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arlene_Holt_Baker" title="Arlene Holt Baker">Arlene Holt Baker</a></li>

<li><a href="Deepak_Bhargava" title="Deepak Bhargava">Deepak Bhargava</a></li>

<li><a href="Jackie_Jenkins-Scott" title="Jackie Jenkins-Scott">Jackie Jenkins-Scott</a></li>

<li><a href="Phil_Radford" title="Phil Radford">Phil Radford</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fair_Immigration_Reform_Movement" title="Fair Immigration Reform Movement">Fair Immigration Reform Movement</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5059551#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata815" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5059551#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata815" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121528419">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126658189">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79083588">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007322526905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/550a809e-1e7e-4f2b-93f2-5ac7598ebf33">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-23" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Community_Change&oldid=1291783556">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>